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Chapter 8: Reforming American Society

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Chapter 8: Reforming American Society

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1. Chapter 8: Reforming American Society Religion Sparks reform

2. Question of the Solar day • Based on your guided reading consignment from Affiliate 8-1, who do you believe is the most important reformer in the department? Why are the accomplishments of this individual important?

3. Agenda: March 12 • Menses F: • Question of the 24-hour interval • Homework: People and Ideas: Charles Finney, Dorothea Dix and viii-2 Guided Reading • Go over Chapter 8-1 Guided Reading • Answers on Board • PPT Notes Chapter eight-one • Period A/B: • Question of the Solar day • Homework: Affiliate 8-2 Guided Reading • Get over Chapter viii-1 packet. • Affiliate eight-1 PPT notes • Period C: • Chapter 7 Test. • Homework: Chapter 8-ane Packet

4. People and Ideas: Charles Finney • How did Finney'southward Views on Salvation differ from those of other ministers? How might this have contributed to his desire for reform? • Different other ministers, Finney believed that it was the responsibility of the people to repent and deed. The one-time Calvinist belief stated that the "spirit" would come to you. Disagreed with predestination. • In what means did Finney attain out to the customs? How did he expand the role of women in the Church building? • Finney worked equally the president of Oberlin College which was the first college to accept blacks and women. He also encouraged women and men to become to church building together and talk over organized religion together. Other preachers of the fourth dimension considered these meetings equally "promiscuous" He also encouraged social reform and promoted abolitionism

5. People and Ideas: Charles Finney • According to Finney, what moral obligations did women and men accept? How did his actions as the president of Oberlin College reflect his desire to put his plans into activeness? • Men and women have the obligation to actively reform club. His office at Oberlin College backed up his views by accepting Blacks and women. • Explain why Finney became such a controversial effigy in the Presbyterian Church. • His views that sinning is voluntary is a difference of Presbyterian behavior. His preaching of revivals and social deportment went against the old belief.

6. Chief Source: Dorothea Dix • According to Dix'due south Written report, How were the mentally ill forced to live? • The mentally ill were forced to live in filthy jail cells, cages, and stalls where they were chained or confined without being let exterior. • Why exercise you call up Dix took her findings to the MA legislature? • She believed it was the legislators' moral obligation to protect the mentally ill and hoped to convince them to take activeness to provide acceptable and humane provisions for their instance. • Practice you think the examples of abuse drawn from Dix's Notebook and journal strengthened or weakened the example? Explain • The examples strengthened her case because they graphically and persuasively demonstrated the need for reform

7. Age OF REFORM • 1. Ante-Bellum—1820 to 1860 • Romantic age • Reformers pointed out the inequality in guild • Industrialization vs. progress in human rights • Primarily a Northern motility • Southerners refused reforms to protect slavery • Educated society through • paper and lectures • Areas to reform: • Slavery women's rights • Industrialization public schoolhouse • Male domination temperance (booze) • War prison house reform

8. 2. 2d Great Enkindling---1820'south to 1840's • religious revival vs. deists • Ascent of Unitarians---believed in a God of love • Denied the trinity • heaven through expert works and helping others • social conscience = social gospel • apply Christ's teachings to bettering society • Contrasted with salvation by grace and getting to heaven through Christ • Baptists, Methodists, etc. • 3. Formed utopian societies = commonage buying

9. The Second Great Awakening "Spiritual Reform From Within"[Religious Revivalism] Social Reforms & Redefining the Ideal of Equality Teaching Temperance Abolitionism Asylum &Penal Reform Women's Rights

10. Charles Finney • Charles Finney conducted his ain revivals in the mid 1820s and early 1830s • He rejected the Calvinist doctrine of predestination • adopted ideas of free will and salvation to all • Really popularized the new form of revival

11. Charles Finney and the Conversion Experience • New class of revival • Coming together dark after night to build excitement • Speaking bluntly • Praying for sinners by proper noun • Encouraging women to testify in public • Placing those struggling with conversion on the "anxious bench" at the front of the church

14. 2.Transcendentalism (European Romanticism) • Liberation from understanding and the cultivation of reasoning." • "Transcend" the limits of intellect and allow the emotions, the SOUL, to create an original relationship with the Universe.

15. Transcendentalist Thinking • Man must acknowledge a body of moral truths that were intuitive and must TRANSCEND more sensational proof: • The infinite benevolence of God. • The infinite benignancy of nature. • The divinity of human being.

16. The Transcendentalist Agenda • Give freedom to the slave. • Give well-being to the poor and the miserable. • Requite learning to the ignorant. • Give health to the ill. • Requite peace and justice to society.

17. The Rise of African American Churches • Revivalism too spread to the African American community • The 2d Keen Awakening has been called the "central and defining event in the evolution of Afro-Christianity" • During these revivals Baptists and Methodists converted large numbers of blacks

18. The Rising of African American Churches • This led to the formation of all-black Methodist and Baptist churches, primarily in the Northward • African Methodist Episcopal (A. M. E.) had over 17,000 members by 1846 • Start in 1830, Began holding Conferences of freed African Americans in the North

19. Educational Reform • In 1800 Massachusetts was the only land requiring complimentary public schools supported by customs funds • Middle-class reformers called for taxation-supported pedagogy, arguing to business leaders that the new economic social club needed educated workers

20. Horace Mann(1796-1859) "Male parent of American Pedagogy" • children were clay in the hands of teachers and school officials • children should be "molded" into a state of perfection • established state teacher- training programs R3-6

21. Educational Reform • Nether Horace Isle of man's leadership in the 1830s, Massachusetts created a state board of education and adopted a minimum-length schoolhouse twelvemonth. • Provided for training of teachers, and expanded the curriculum to include subjects such equally history and geography

22. Educational Reform • By the 1850s the number of schools, omnipresence figures, and school budgets had all increased sharply • School reformers enjoyed their greatest success in the Northeast and the least in the Southward • Southern planters opposed paying taxes to educate poorer white children • Educational opportunities for women also expanded • In 1833 Oberlin College in Ohio became the first coeducational college. • Four years afterward the first all-female college was founded — Mount Holyoke, Massachusetts

23. The Asylum Move • Dorothea Dix, a Boston schoolteacher, took the lead in advocating state supported asylums for the mentally ill • She attracted much attention to the motility by her written report detailing the horrors to which the mentally ill were subjected • being chained, kept in cages and closets, and beaten with rods • In response to her efforts, 28 states maintained mental institutions by 1860

24. Asylums and Prison house Reform • Dorothea Dix also discovered that people were placed in prisons for debt, people were subjected to cruel punishment and children were not treated whatever different than adults • She is responsible for helping eliminate sentencing for debt, catastrophe brutal punishment and getting states to institute juvenile court systems • She argues that people tin can modify if they are placed in proper environments and given an education

25. Chapter eight: Reforming American Society Religion Sparks reform

26. AGE OF REFORM • 1. Ante-Bellum—1820 to 1860 • Romantic age • _____________________________________ • Industrialization vs. progress in human rights • Primarily a Northern movement • _____________________________________________________________________ • Educated society through • paper and lyceum meetings • Areas to reform: • ___________________________ • ____________________________ • _____________ _______________ • _____________ _______________

27. ii. second Slap-up Awakening---1820's to 1840's • religious revival vs. deists • Rise of Unitarians---believed in a God of dear • ____________________________ • heaven through ____________________________ • social conscience = social gospel • apply Christ'south _______________________________ • Contrasted with salvation past ____________ ____________________________________ • Baptists, Methodists, etc. • 3. Formed utopian societies = _____________________

28. The Second Great Awakening "Spiritual Reform From Within"[Religious Revivalism] Social Reforms & Redefining the Ideal of Equality ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________

29. Charles Finney • Charles Finney conducted his own revivals in the mid 1820s and early on 1830s • He rejected the ______ doctrine of __________ • adopted ideas of gratuitous will and salvation to all • ______________________________________

30. Charles Finney and the Conversion Experience • New form of revival • Coming together _________________________ ________________________________ • Speaking bluntly • ______________________________ • ______________________________ • Placing those struggling with conversion on the "anxious bench" at the front of the church

33. 2.Transcendentalism (European Romanticism) • Liberation from understanding and the cultivation of reasoning." • "________________________________________________________________________________________________________

34. Transcendentalist Thinking • Human must acknowledge a body of moral truths that were intuitive and must TRANSCEND more sensational proof: • ___________________________. • ___________________________. • ___________________________.

35. The Transcendentalist Agenda • Give _______________________. • Requite ____________________________ • Give _______________________. • Requite _______________________. • Give peace and justice to society.

36. The Rising of African American Churches • Revivalism too spread to the ____________________________ • The Second Great Awakening has been called the "______________________________________" • ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

37. The Rise of African American Churches • This led to the germination of all-blackness ____________________________________________________________ • African Methodist Episcopal (A. M. E.) had over _____________________ • First in 1830, Began holding Conferences of ____________________________________________________________

38. Educational Reform • In 1800 Massachusetts was the only state requiring free public schools supported by community funds • Middle-grade reformers chosen for ____________________________________________________________educated workers

39. Horace Isle of mann(1796-1859) "Father of American Education" • children were clay in the hands of teachers and school officials • children should be ________ ___________________________ • established land __________________________ R3-6

40. Educational Reform • By the 1850s the number of schools, omnipresence figures, and school budgets had all increased sharply • School reformers enjoyed their greatest ______________________________________________________________________________________ • Southern planters opposed paying taxes to educate poorer white children • Educational opportunities for women also expanded • In 1833 Oberlin College in Ohio became the commencement coeducational college. • _________________________________________________________________________________

41. The Aviary Movement • Dorothea Dix, a Boston schoolteacher, took the lead in advocating ______________________________ _________________________________________ • She attracted much attending to the movement by her report detailing the horrors to which the mentally ill were subjected • ____________________________________________________________________________________________ • In response to her efforts, __________________________________________________________________________________

42. Asylums and Prison Reform • Dorothea Dix also discovered that people were placed in __________, people were subjected to barbarous penalisation and ___________________________________________________ • She is responsible for helping eliminate sentencing for debt, catastrophe cruel punishment and getting states to establish juvenile court systems • She argues that people can change if they are placed in proper environments and given an education

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